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Future To Be Tense

Definition of Future To Be Tense:
                                                        "future to be tense" shows a state or an "existence" of something in "future time"

Example:
1.You will be safe there
2.who will be the boos?
3.it will be a big problem.
4.Tomorrow will never be.
5.we shall be rich one day.
6.everything will be costly in future
7.the students will be regular and punctual.
8.this child will be a great man one day.
9.the last episode of the drama will be interesting

Past Tense of To Be

Definition of Past Tense of To Be:
                                                           "Past To be Tense" shows a "state" or an "existence"  of something in "past time".

Examples:

1.We were friends.

2.I was poor in past 

3.Our destination was away

4.The people were simple in past 

5.Qurban was healthy and welthy

6.Nasima's father was a gentleman

7.Ali Baba was the chief of thieves.

8.Shah latif was a great poet of sindh

9.Quaid-e-Azam was the founder of Pakistan.

Present To be Tense with Examples

Definition of Present tense of To Be:
                                                               "Present To Be Tense" shows a "state" or an "existence" of something in "present time".

Examples:
1. Eaheem is my nephew.
2. Islamabad is a clen city.
3. Moenjodaro is near Larkana.
4.Our doors are open for yoiu
5.Pakistan is our identificatio.
6.Money is necessary for life today.
7.Khana-e-Ka'aba is in Saudi Arabia.
8.Hasan and Hussain are twin brothers
9.Saju, Maju, Yasu and Qasu are friends.

Short Tenses (Grammar)

Definition Of Tense:
                               The word tense has been taken from a Latin word "tempus" which means time. A "tense" shows the time of "being", "existing" and "doing".

Q1. Why ordinary hydrogen is les reactive? OR Q2. Why reactions of ordinary hydrogen are slow?

Q1. Why ordinary hydrogen is les reactive?

                OR

Q1. Why reactions of ordinary hydrogen are slow?

Ans: ordinary hydrogen is diatomic –molecule (H₂) and two atoms in molecule hydrogen are held together by strong covalent bonds. Therefore ordinary hydrogen molecules are very stable and dissociate at extreme condition. Due to this reason, the reactions of ordinary hydrogen are very slow or it is less reactive

PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC HYDRIDES

PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC HYDRIDES

1. These hydrides are formed by first two elements of IIA group i.e. Be and Mg.

2. The formulas of these hydrides are (B_eH₂)_n  and (MgH₂)_n

3. In these hydrides large number of Be H₂ or MgH₂ molecules are polymerized, hence these hydries are called as “polymeric” hydrides.

4. The structural of these hydrides are given below

5. The Properties of these hydrides are in intermediate between ionic and covalent hydrides.

PROPERTIES OF METALLIC HYDRIDES OR INTERSTITIAL HYDRIDE

PROPERTIES OF METALLIC HYDRIDES OR INTERSTITIAL HYDRIDE

1. These hydrides are formed by the element of  IB to VIII groups i.e. d block element.

2. These hydrides are called as metallic hydrides because they retain the properties of metals.

3. These hydrides are solids possess high melting points.

4. The hydrides on heating loose hydrogen and leaving behind metal unchanged.

5. Transition elements such as Ni, Pt, Pd etc, hide hydrogen in empty spaces between metal atoms in        their structures, which are called as interstitial spaces. Due to this reason, these hydrides are called as “interstitial hydrides”.

6. These hydrides don’t  show definite atomic ratio in metal to hydrogen atoms and are not stoichiometric in nature.

For Example

                                                Zr₁  H_1.22 and  T_i.l H_1.7.

7. Since metallic hydrides are formed hydrides are formed due to occlusion (adsorption of hydrogen in the metals, hence these release hydrogen in atomic state on heating hence they are used as catalyst in hydrogenation reaction.

Periodic table

periodic table

Atomic Hydrogen

Atomic Hydrogen

Introduction

Molecular hydrogen is di-atomic and requires 104 kilo – calories per mole for its decomposition. The hydrogen obtained during this decomposition is called as “Atomic Hydrogen”. The life period of atomic hydrogen is 1/3^rd of the second. i.e. two atoms of hydrogen quickly combine and form molecular hydrogen . it was first detected by  “wood” in 1920 during the study of hydrogen spectra.

Definition:

Hydrogen obtained by decomposition of molecular hydrogen during heating is called as atomic-hydrogen

Properties of Tritium:

Properties of Tritium:

It is super heavy isotope of hydrogen.

Its symbol is H³.

Its alternate symbol is T

It is unstable isotope of hydrogen or radioactive isotope and has half life of 12.5 years.

It occurs  in negligible quantities i.e naturally occurring hydrogen contain

4.o x 10^-15% of this isotopes.

Its contain 1 electron, 1 proton, 2 Neutron.

Its nucleus contain 2 neutron.

Its atomic number is 1 and atomic mass is 3

Its nucleus is called as Triton

Its structure is given below.

Properties of Deuterium;

Properties of Deuterium;

It is heavy isotope of hydrogen and called as heavy hydrogen.

Its symbol is ‘H²’

Its alternate symbol is D

It is stable isopote of hydrogen

It occurs in small quantities i.e naturally occurring hydrogen contains 0.0156% of this isotope.

It contains 1 electron, 1 proton and 1 neotron

Its nucleus contains 1 neutron

Its atomic number is 1 and atomic mass is 2.

Its nucleus is called as Deuteron.

Its structure is given below.          i.e

Properties of Protium

Properties of Protium

1    it is light isotope of hydrogen and known as occurring hydrogen.

2  its symbol is ‘H’

    its alternate symbol is P.

     it is stable isotope of hydrogen.

     it occurs in large quantities i-e naturally occurring hydrogen contain 99.98% of this isotopes

6   it contains 1 electron and one proton  but no neutron

7   its nucleus contains no neutron.

8   its atomic number is 1 and atomic mass is also 1.

9   its nucleus is called as “proton”.

1  its structure is given below

           

Introduction about Physics

Def:
Physics is often described as the study of matter and energy.and how they affect each other over time and through space. Physicists ask the fundamental questions how did the universe begin.

Isotops of Hydrogen

(i) Introduction:
isotopes first of all detected by J.J Thomson in 1912-13 during the study of properties of neon. Most of the elements are mixture of several isotopes. Isotopes of hydrogen are given special names i-e protium, deuterium and tritium.
(ii) Definition:

Atoms of same element having same atomic number but different atomic masses.

OR

                Atoms having same numbers of protons but different number of neutrons.

(iii) Type of Isotopes:

1. Protium.

2. Deuterium.

3. Tritium.

Hydrogen introduction

Hydrogen

Introduction:

First of all discovered by Cavendish in 1766 and named as “inflammable gas” (catches fire easily). This gas produced water with oxygen, hence in 1781 Cavendish named as “water producer gas”. Finally in the 1783 Lavoisier named as “HYDROGEN” (where hydro =water+gas=producer.)

Introducation of Chemistry

This is an introductory course for students with limited background in chemistry; chemical problem solving will be emphasized with the goal of preparing students for further study in chemistry